Quite a few years ago I estimated that for a business to be truly profitable and worth operating you need to have about $100,000 per year gross revenue per employee. That's about $50/hour for every one of the 2080 hours in a work year.
I ran my own print shop back in 1976 to 80, and managed another one in 1981 and 82. I was pretty well prepared for what to expect when running the business, except for one aspect. It's what I refer to as "overhead activities." There are a bunch of them: spending time with a customer to figure out what they really want and need; spending time with supplier sales reps; spending time doing bookkeeping; spending time going through mail; spending time searching for just the right paper for a project; and on and on. The real money making part of the business was running the printing press, and I could only do that at best about 50% of the time. So, to gross $100,000 per year I had to generate $100 per hour of press run time. I came to the conclusion, and remember this was back in the 1978 time frame, that if I could operate a printing press for a city newspaper and earn $35,000/year I would have been seen as a truly successful neighbor and family man. However, if as a small business operator I took home $35,000/year I was ripping off the public!
No employee in any business will be able to have his time charged 100% of the time to customers. Add in sick leave, vacation time, holidays, training sessions, job prep and cleanup time, and all such and you soon realize no employee's time will be more than about 70% chargeable. And that's if he is busy all the time, which seldom is the case. Don't we as customers always want the mechanic to be available when we bring our machine in for service? That can't happen if he's busy 40 hrs/wk. Add to that insurance costs, the employee's share of building overhead (he has to have space to work after all), FICA, personal gear and tools that are employer supplied, and so forth and you can soon see if the mechanic is going to get a decent living wage his time will have to be charged out at a bare minimum of $60 to $80 per hour.
We as consumers find it easy to swallow hourly costs when they are cloaked in a final product price, like a $26,000 wholesale price tag for a Spyder. We don't know what the BRP engineers who are designing the Spyders get paid, nor what the assembly line workers get paid, but you can be sure the total cost to BRP is at least $40 to $80/hr. But let the dealer charge us a similar per hour rate on the invoice for mechanic time where we can easily see it, and we want to scream rip off! And remember, the per hour rate you see on the invoice is paying part of the owner's salary, the service manager's salary, the service writer's salary, the toilet paper in the rest room, the water bill for the drink you take from their fountain, the free cup of coffee they provide, and so on. How much to charge for what, and what is justified, ain't straight forward and easy to figure.