You will need to replace the oil filter at each oil change.
The oil drained out, is low time and in a good engine would be cause for concern.
Yes, it is possible, if this is the first oil change since all the work that was done, that the new oil kind of washed the internals, suspended the previous debris, and it came out with draining the oil.
Without being there or knowing the history from prior to the engine issues, there is no telling how long or whatever the previous owner did.
If it were me, refill with the correct grade oil, replace the oil filter, the ride only a few hours max. Drain the oil again while hot, and again replace the filter.
Now, you will use white paper towels and when the oil again is hot and circulated, place a sample of the oil, on the white paper towel. Using the dipstick as access to the oil this is an easy check. Ideally the oil remains new looking on the towel.
If the oil on the paper towel is gray colored or darkening, you may need to change the oil and filter early again.
The downside of seeing the drained oil in the photo, the gray color often indicates aluminum is being worn. The silver sparkles floating on top of the oil, is likely aluminum. On race bikes with aluminum clutch plates, the oil turns gray quickly.
What you must do is determine if the condition improves or continues. If you follow what I suggested, you will get an idea on how things are trending. You certainly want the fine aluminum out of the engine. Consider that if the condition does not improve, then something is going on and at that point you should consider a plan.
All the best with it.
